The “online services directive” (also known as e-Commerce directive) was adopted in 2000. It covers a wide range of topics but most importantly, it strikes a legal balance that protects Internet users' freedom of communication by limiting the liability of so-called “technical intermediaries”, such as Internet access providers and hosting services. The directive also prevents public authorities from forcing intermediaries to monitor their users' activities.

These liability exemptions protect free speech as well as privacy, and guarantee the democratic nature of the network. They also allow for new services and applications to be deployed without being hindered by burdensome legal requirements, thus sustaining a dynamic digital economy.